登山者目击西藏女尼遭枪杀

国际珠峰登山者网站MountEverest.net  2006年10月5日更新

五天前（指9月30日——译者注），在一大群国际登山者眼前，包括儿童在内的人群遭到枪击。至少一名女尼被杀。一群登山者希望世界确知事实真相。

一个美国登山者从卓奥友山直接向 ExplorerWeb 网站报告：“30日和1日在这里发生的事情还不为世人所知，” 他2日报道。他的电子邮件是恐怖的目击者报告，那些准备登顶冲击的登山者亲眼目睹穿越囊帕拉山口的藏人遭到枪击。 “目睹队伍在雪地上蜿蜒逃命，枪声四起，我们注意到两个人形仆倒。望远镜下就清楚了：两人倒下，没有在起来。”

菲律宾登山医生哽咽着证实消息

据《菲律宾每日问询报》报道，菲律宾卓奥友山探险队也目睹了枪杀事件。“星期六，在打给《菲律宾每日问询报》的一通移动电话中，Ted Esguerra 医生情绪激动，说至少看见三个人在囊帕拉山口被枪杀，两女一男。”报纸报道说。“我在这里是救死扶伤的，可我却目睹了夺去生命，” 据《菲律宾每日问询报》说，Esguerra 医生说到这里哽咽了。

被迫放弃女尼满目弹孔的尸体

国际声援西藏中心刚发布消息，指出其中一名丧生者是25岁左右的女尼。这名女孩在逃亡尼泊尔的半路上被中国边防军人（可能是武警——其他消息来源）射杀。该组织说，70多名西藏逃亡者中有二三十岁的，也有小到十岁的孩子，他们中四十三人逃过了枪击，安全抵达尼泊尔，目前正在转道去加德满都的难民接待中心的路上。当地消息来源说，这些藏人担心死亡人数恐怕不止一个。其他三十多人则下落不明。

另一个西藏人消息来源散发的新闻稿说，这些人被迫在囊帕拉山口放下女尼满布枪弹的尸体，因为他们害怕否则会招致他们被捕。

英国登山向导：中国士兵跪姿，瞄准，射击

国际声援西藏中心也接触了一位英国登山队向导，这名向导说，其他英国登山者看到，倒下的藏人之一后来爬了起来，说明两人中也许幸存了一个。这名向导还说，在先头大本营多达60名登山者目睹了这一事件。他说：“他们看到中国士兵非常靠近大本营，跪姿，瞄准藏人射击，一遍又一遍，而那些藏人完全是手无寸铁。”

国际法要求，边防守卫只有在生命遭遇威胁时才能作为最后手段使用武器。 

事件未结束

事件尚未落幕。幸存的西藏难民目前还有被尼泊尔当局送交中国的危险。“这次事件后抵达尼泊尔的西藏人的安全是首要的。我们正在寻求联合国难民事务高级专员署的保证，确保彻底保护这些已在尼泊尔的西藏人，我们向他们指出，以前曾有已经向他们诉请保护而仍被加德满都当局遣返的例子。” 国际声援西藏中心执行主任Mary Beth Markey 表示。

国际声援西藏中心报告全文

背景资料：每年有2000到3000名西藏人危险万状地穿越喜马拉雅通过尼泊尔抵达印度，有的是寻求逃避西藏的压制，有的就是为了见一见达赖喇嘛，有的是出于个人原因。其中约三分之一是儿童，他们随后被送到流亡藏人学校。其他人中许多是僧侣，他们的目的是寻求宗教教育，在西藏由于加诸寺庙的种种限制而无法完成。  

 

Nangpa La update: Young Tibetan nun shot dead in front of climbers

MountEverest.net
08:39 pm EST Oct 05, 2006

Five days back, people including children were shot at right before the eyes of a large international community of mountaineers. At least one young nun lost her life. A couple of climbers made sure the world knew.

An American climber reported straight from Cho Oyu to ExplorersWeb, "There is a story that happened here on the 30th and the 1st that is not being told," he reported on October 2nd. His email was a horrible eye-witness report of climbers on summit push spotting Tibetan refugees getting shot while crossing Nangpa La. "Watching the line snake off thru the snow, as the shots rang out, we saw two shapes fall. The binoculars confirmed it, 2 people were down, and they weren’t getting up."

Filipino climbing doctor, close to tears, confirms

The Philippine Daily Inquirer reports that the Filipino Cho Oyu expedition also witnessed the killing: "In a cell phone call to the Inquirer on Saturday, an emotional Dr. Ted Esguerra said he saw at least three people — two women and a man — shot dead on the Nangpa La," says the news article. "Here I am trying to save lives. Yet I am a witness to the taking of lives," said Esguerra, who sounded as though he were close to tears according to the Philippine Daily Inquirer .

Forced to abandon the bullet-ridden body of the nun on the pass

The International Campaign for Tibet organization just released a full report stating that one victim was a Tibetan nun in her mid twenties. The girl was shot dead by Chinese border patrols while on her way into exile in Nepal.

The organization states that Forty-three Tibetans from a group of more than 70, including children as young as ten as well as Tibetans in their twenties and thirties, escaping from Tibet were apparently able to escape from the gun-fire and safely reach Nepalese territory, where they are now en route to the Tibetan Refugees Reception Center in Kathmandu. According to local sources, the Tibetans feared that there might be more than one fatality. The whereabouts of the more than 30 remaining Tibetans from the group is not known.

According to the press release, another local Tibetan source said that members of the group had been forced to abandon the bullet-ridden body of the nun on the pass, because they feared that carrying it out of Tibet might lead to their arrest.

British mountain guide: Chinese soldiers were kneeling, taking aim and shooting

The organization also spoke to a British mountain guide, who said that other climbers had witnessed one of the Tibetans getting up after they had fallen, indicating that one of the two might have survived. The guide also said that up to 60 climbers at ABC probably witnessed the incident. "They could see Chinese soldiers quite close to Advance Base Camp kneeling, taking aim and shooting, again and again, at the group, who were completely defenceless," he said.

International law requires that the use of firearms by border patrols be done only as a last resort and when life is at risk.

Not over

And it’s not over yet. The surviving Tibetan refugees are now also at risk to be returned to China – by Nepal. "The safety of the Tibetans who have just arrived in Nepal after this incident must be paramount. We are seeking assurances from the United Nations High Commission for Refugees to ensure full protection to those Tibetans in the group who are now in Nepal, noting previous incidents where refugees have been refouled from Kathmandu even after appealing to the UNHCR for protection," states Mary Beth Markey, Executive Director of the International Campaign for Tibet.

Read the full report here  

Between 2,000 and 3,000 Tibetans make the dangerous crossing through the Himalayas via Nepal to India each year, seeking refuge after repression in Tibet, simply to be in the presence of the Dalai Lama, or for other personal reasons. Approximately a third are children who are being sent to study in Tibetan exile schools. Many others are monks and nuns seeking a religious education that is not possible in Tibet due to the restrictions imposed in monasteries and nunneries.

[资料]最早披露枪杀事件的国际登山人网

Cho Oyu ABC swarmed by Chinese Army – Tibetan shot at Nangpa La?

12:27 pm EST Oct 02, 2006

(MountEverest.net)

A reliable source close to ExplorersWeb reported alarming news this morning in the middle of the Cho Oyu massive summit push.

A group of Tibetans were allegedly shot on their way to Nangpa La pass, at Nepal’s borderline; some climbers chose to evacuate ABC when it was swarmed by Chinese army after the shootout. "There is a story that happened here on the 30th and the 1st that is not being told," writes the climber. "It is tragic, it is haunting, and it is apparently all too real for Tibetans." Below the full report:

Shots at Nangpa La

“Early morning of September 30th, I walked out of our dining tent to gaze over towards the Nangpa La pass. I saw a line of Tibetans heading towards the start of the pass – a common sight, as the trade routes are open this time of year.”

“Then, without warning, shots rang out. Over, and over and over. Then the line of people started to run uphill – they were at 19,000ft. Apparently the Chinese army was tipped off about their attempted escape, and had showed up with guns.”

"2 people were down, and they weren’t getting up"

“Watching the line snake off through the snow, as the shots rang out, we saw two shapes fall. The binoculars confirmed it: 2 people were down, and they weren’t getting up. Then more Chinese army swarmed through ABC.”

According to the climber, Tibetans on the mountain later said that up to seven people might have been shot dead, their bodies then shoved into a crevasse not far from Cho Oyu BC.

A traders, trekkers and refuges route

The wide Nangpa La pass, located between Tibet and Nepal, has been a common traders’ route for centuries. In fact, many among The Sherpa people reached Nepal 400 years ago across this col.

Since the Chinese invasion of Tibet, a large number of refugees added to the yak caravans. Whilst many Tibetans cross the pass in order to sell their traditional craft and Chinese goods in Namche Bazaar’s Saturday market and then come back, some seek refuge in Nepal or India. The Nangpa La is also open to foreign trekkers.

The fact is, caravans across the Nangpa La are often seen by climbers in Cho Oyu’s ABC, located close by. Tibetan traders cross the pass not only in winter (when no one is watching), but also during the climbing season.

Not the first time

These unregistered travelers have rarely raised attention from the Chinese troops in BC, neither from the Liason Officers always present in ABC. Some climbing teams through the years have however reported on hearing shots. But this is the first time we have first-hand reports of a westerner witnessing people being shot on the way to Nepal’s border.

Nevertheless, it is not the first time such a fact hit the news. Canada’s Tibet Committee reported a similar incident on December 4, 2003: “Last year, there were separate eyewitness reports by Western mountain climbers of Chinese border police firing upon Tibetan refugees as well as pursuing refugees across Nangpa la into Nepal territory,” the NGO’s reported. “In mid October of this year, a group of 34 Tibetan refugees were fired upon by Chinese border security while attempting to cross into Nepal over Nangpa La.”

We ran in all directions

According to the report, one of the refugees who finally made it to Nepal told CTC in Kathmandu: “When the machine gun fire started hitting around us, we ran in all directions,” the 25 year old survivor said. “We ran back where we came from just trying to avoid the army. After hiding from the gun blasts for many hours, we climbed over Nangpa La in the middle of the night and walked the entire day on the Nepal side as we were so scared.”

Approximately 2,500 Tibetans annually escape from Tibet enroute to India, according to the Canada Tibet Committee. Approximately a third of those refugees are children under 18 years who are seeking a Tibetan language education unavailable to them under Chinese rule. Approximately one quarter of the refugees who successfully escape Tibet are monks and nuns who flee due to Chinese repression of religious beliefs and practices.

Nangpa La is situated only a few kilometres west of Cho Oyu (5,716m/18,753ft). The wide, glaciated pass serves as the main trading route between the Tibetans and the Sherpas of Khumbu.

The Nangpa La pass has also been used by “illegal” climbers who have started from Nepal and then crossed the border in order to summit Cho Chu without obtaining a climbing permit. Trespassing mostly happened during off season climbs and in past decades, when Chinese patrols were scarce in the area.

攀登珠峰者眼睁睁看着藏人被枪杀

英国《独立报》外事记者列奥纳德·多伊尔 2006年10月6日报道

攀登珠峰的登山爱好者正准备发起冲击时，却目瞪口呆地看到中国驻扎在西藏-尼泊尔边境的边防军向企图越境的西藏人开火，至少打死两人。

上星期六，这些藏人正准备翻越囊帕拉山口时，珠峰的先头大本营突然被中国士兵包围。珠峰攀登者经常看到商人和难民乘坐大篷车离开西藏，但是这次是历史上首次有西方登山者目击中国人民解放军枪击西藏逃难者。

中国政府将自己宣传为西藏人民的朋友和保护者，而严酷的现实是三百万藏人经历着军事占领，这次枪杀事件凸现了这两幅画面的格格不入。在北京迎向两年后的奥运会之际，枪击事件重新引起了国际社会对中国人权纪录的关切。

每年都有几百名藏人从中国占领下出走流亡。一般他们选择边远的、无人看守的山口。从在卓奥友峰为准备攀登珠峰者设立的先头大本营，能看到大约 70 名藏人男女、儿童试图穿越囊帕拉山口从中国一侧进入尼泊尔。

在登山者网站 mounteverest.net 上，一名匿名的登山者描述了现场情形，士兵向着手无寸铁的队伍开枪，逼近藏人，逃亡者惊慌失措。 他写道：

“9月30日清晨，我走出餐饮帐篷，向囊帕拉山口眺望。我看到一队西藏人向山口进发，这是司空见惯的，因为每一年的这段时间是通商时节。

“然后，毫无预警地，枪声大作，一轮，一轮，又一轮。队伍开始朝山上逃散，这里海拔是19000英尺。看起来，中国军队得到密报说有人逃亡，于是带枪出现了。

“目睹队伍在雪地上蜿蜒奔命，枪声四起，我们注意到两个人形仆倒。望远镜下就清楚了：两人倒下，没有再起来。接着，更多军队包围了先头大本营。”

以前中国军队也曾向逃亡者开火，但是这一次是近年来首次致人死命。

西藏与尼泊尔之间宽阔的囊帕拉山口，几百年来是商旅的传统路线。不少藏人穿越山口到南哲的星期六市场上出售手工艺品和中国商品后回家，也有人在尼泊尔和印度避难。

一位25岁的枪击事件幸存者逃入了尼泊尔。他在加德满都对志愿者说：“当机关枪开始在四周开火，我们四散逃命。我们退回原地躲开军人。过去好几个钟头以后，我们在半夜越过囊帕拉山口，然后整日在尼泊尔一侧步行，因为我们吓坏了。”

加德满都的西藏难民接待中心负责人隆珠多杰说，42名逃亡者进入尼泊尔，但是其他人下落不明。 难民接待中心目前与幸存者保持联系。

西藏精神领袖达赖喇嘛自1959年中国入侵以来一直流亡印度。他多次重申他愿意与北京展开 “合理的谈判” 来保护留在家园的藏人。但是中国政府不断拒绝他提出的建议，并继续严厉对待逃离共产党迫害的藏人。

中国政府对枪击事件迄未评论。

《独立报》原文：

Tibetan Refugees shot dead as Everest climers watch

By Leonard Doyle, Foreign Editor

Published: 06 October 2006

Within sight of horrified climbers preparing an assault on Everest, Chinese troops stationed on the Tibet-Nepal border have shot dead at least two Tibetan refugees trying to cross the border.

The refugees were trying to reach Nangpa La pass last Saturday and the Everest advance base camp was swarmed by Chinese troops after the shootout. Climbers regularly see caravans of traders and refugees crossing out of Tibet, but this is the first witness report by western climbers of the People’s Liberation Army shooting refugees.

The killings highlight the yawning gap between China’s state propaganda, which cast it as the friend and protector of the Tibetan people and the harsh reality of a brutal military occupation as experienced by three million Tibetans. The shootings also revive concerns about Beijing’s human rights record as it prepares to host the Olympic Games in two years.

Every year, hundreds of Tibetan refugees escape from Chinese occupation. They try to cross at more isolated passes which are usually unguarded. About 70 Tibetan men, women and children were trying to cross the Nangpa La pass from China into Nepal within sight of the advance base camp at Cho Oyu, which was teeming with climbers preparing for Everest.

An unnamed climber, writing on the website mounteverest.net, said that the Chinese troops opened fire on the defenceless column and that the refugees panicked as the soldiers moved in.

"Early morning of 30 September, I walked out of our dining tent to gaze over towards the Nangpa La pass. I saw a line of Tibetans heading towards the start of the pass, a common sight, as the trade routes are open this time of year.

"Then, without warning, shots rang out. Over, and over and over. Then the line of people started to run uphill; they were at 19,000ft. Apparently the Chinese army was tipped off about their attempted escape, and had showed up with guns.

"Watching the line snake off through the snow, as the shots rang out, we saw two shapes fall. The binoculars confirmed it: two people were down, and they weren’t getting up. Then more Chinese army swarmed through ABC (advance base camp)."

Refugees have been shot at along the border before, but this was the first time in recent years that Chinese troops had killed any.

The wide Nangpa La pass, between Tibet and Nepal, has been a common traders’ route for centuries.Many Tibetans cross the pass to sell their traditional craft and Chinese goods in Namche Bazaar’s Saturday market then return home, but some seek refuge in Nepal or India.

A 25-year-old who survived the shooting escaped to Nepal. He told activists in Kathmandu: "When the machine-gun fire started hitting around us, we ran in all directions. We ran back where we came from just trying to avoid the army. After hiding from the gun blasts for many hours, we climbed over Nangpa La in the middle of the night and walked the entire day on the Nepal side because we were so scared."

Lhundup Dorjee, of the Kathmandu-based Tibet Refugee Centre, said that 42 people had managed to enter Nepal but there was no information about the others. The refugee centre is in contact with the survivors.

Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, has been in exile in India since the Chinese invasion of 1959. He has repeatedly said he was willing to engage "reasonable talks" with Beijing to protect those Tibetans who have stayed behind in their homeland. But the Chinese government has always rejected his offer and continues to treat harshly those who flee Communist repression in their country.

There has been no comment by the Chinese authorities on the shootings.